July 18, 1999
This is a review by Edna Boardman. If you wish
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Lumans, Vladis O. Himmler's Auxiliaries: The
Volksdeutsche and the German National Minorities of Europe, 1933-1945. Chapel
Hill and London,
The University of North Carolina Press.1993.
This book tells of Hitler's long-term plans for
the lands he planned to conquer and annex to Germany. Ethnic
Germans--Volksdeutsche--wherever they lived in
the world, but especially in all the countries of Europe--were objects of his
attention. They, including ethnic Germans living in South Russia, would have a
place in
the new German Reich he was planning. The task
of identifying them and bringing them back began early and was assigned to
Heinrich Himmler.
Representatives would go to ethnic German Soviet
communities that had not been deported by Stalin and, in 1941, proceed to
register them and often bring them to Germany. Each family and each individual
coming
into Germany was evaluated for wealth (many
owned land and other possessions), political viewpoint, and, with great care,
racial characteristics. The examination was disguised as a health examination.
Some were not deported back to Germany because they already lived in the
lebensraum that Germany hoped to make theirs. It was an ambitious, very well
organized undertaking and records or copies of the forms that were filled out
still exist. Each person was assigned a reference number, which makes it easy
to follow an individual from form to form. The
persons most exhibiting Aryan characteristics
were given choice land near Germany. These had the designation 100% discreetly
scribbled on the form. Those who rated 75% or 50% or less were placed further
to the
east, where invaders were likely to attack
first. Something that helped the registration was that the Volksdeutsche, to
varying degrees, had maintained awareness of their Germanness. Many of the
Volksdeutsch, especially if they were experiencing hardship and other
pressures, including being blamed for Nazi excesses, welcomed the overtures
from
the exciting new Reich which was being created
for them. Many attached themselves passively to the Third Reich. Small wonder
that questions about loyalty grew up.
A presentation by Ted Becker, given at the 1999
Germans from Russia Heritage Society convention, was based on the information
given in this book. He also had slides (not from the book) of examples of
completed forms as used by Himmler's officials, with the percentage
designation. He drew from microfilm held by the National Archives in the United
States. Indexing is a problem, as there are thousands of rolls of film. Ted commented
that the only enduring value of all this record-keeping is that genealogists
have another detailed source to consult. The book has
extensive chapter notes and a bibliography.